Guidelines for Growing Natives

Planting
Though most California natives can be planted through winter and spring, the optimum time is late autumn so that plants can take advantage of winter rains and have the maximum time to establish themselves before summer heat and drought. Good drainage is essential. If hardpan is present, penetrate it if possible; if not, it may be necessary to build a mound of amended soil. Dig a hole that is at least twice as wide as the pot. It is better for the root crown to be slightly above the soil grade.

Soil Amendments/Fertilizing
Whether or not to amend the soil depends on the species and the site where you will be planting. Without soil amendments, roots can penetrate into native soil more quickly; however, if the soil is compacted, it will help to dig in an organic amendment and a low-nitrogen fertilizer. Over-fertilizing encourages weeds, and can cause too rapid growth in many species that are naturally adapted to soils of low fertility.

Watering
Water requirements vary greatly depending on species, soil, exposure, and proximity of the garden to the coast. Riparian species and most from northern California will need regular water throughout the year. All plants, even those considered drought-tolerant, need water to get established. For the first year or two, a general guidleine is to water once every two weeks on the coast, once/week in the interior. Sandy soil may need water more often, clay soil, less often. Once established, many plants will look better with deep irrigation about once/month in the summer, depending on the soil and the plant. If rainfall is sparse, provide additional irrigation from November to March. Overhead spray and soggy soil should be avoided, especially during warm weather.

Mulching
Apply a coarse mulch around the plant, but be careful that it does not build up around the stem or trunk. Mulching helps suppress weeds, reduces soil erosion, and saves water by keeping the soil cool and decreasing evaporation.

Weeding
Weeding is important to avoid competition for water, nutrients, and light. Weed thoroughly prior to planting and regularly as plants become established.

Pruning
Prune dead or broken branches. It is especially important to prune out dead wood in fire-prone areas. Many young plants, especially some sages, benefit from shaping to develop good form.

Pests and Diseases
Native plants generally have few pest problems, especially if given the proper growing conditions: sun or shade suitable for the species, adequate drainage, and uncrowded conditions.